Chapter 3
Listening Speaking
English | Vietnamese Section
Old Oct 3, 2008
English | Vietnamese
IC3, IT, TOEFL, Best Answer
Self- and Teacher Evaluation
Smoking Asia
What are effective pathways to health in your culture?
Câu hỏi hướng dẫn:
Làm thế nào để chăm sóc sức khoẻ có hiệu quả trong nền văn hoá của bạn?
Skills:
In this chapter you will do these things:
Vietnamese Language Skills:
- Health Vocabulary
- Vâng, Không, Được: Yes, No and OK
Introductory Motivation and Focus:
Look at the following advertisements. They are either trying to sell cigarettes or trying to prevent people from smoking cigarettes.
Divide the Class into Three Small Groups: Each group will be responsible to discuss and analyze one set of advertisements and then present their findings to the class. Each group should first appoint someone to take notes. Discuss the following questions, then, present the results of your discussion to the class. The presentation can be done by a spokesperson for your group or can be presented by several people in the group.
All Groups should discuss these questions:
- First distinguish which advertisements are Pro-smoking and which advertisements are Anti-smoking.
- Describe the advertisements. Who or what is in the picture? What catches your eye? Is it beautiful, ugly, humorous, serious, familiar, out-of-the-ordinary, colorful or dull?
- Where would you find these advertisements? Why?
- What audience is the product or campaign speaking to through these advertisements? Younger or older people? Western or Asian? Rich or poor? Male or female?
- What does the advertisement’s message say about what will happen to your body if you smoke or if you use their product? Will you be beautiful,? A rugged individual? Part of the crowd? Rich? Lonely? An outcast? Thin? Sick or healthy?
- Why do people smoke in Vietnamese society and how do these advertisements speak to them?
| SET #1: | |
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| SET #2: | |
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| SET #3 | |
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No permission required for students and teachers, but please call or email Adbusters.Org for other usage (sources: www.tobaccofree.org; http//speakerskit.chestnet.org/ppt/wta/history.ppt) |
Vocabulary:
Keeping a Vocabulary Book/Notebook/Computer List
Remembering new words and phrases can be difficult. When you study English, you find new words and phrases everyday when you read, listen or search for words to express your thoughts in writing or speech. It is a good idea to keep lists of the new vocabulary in a notebook or using new technology—on a computer.
You can organize your notebook in three ways:
- Write down words you find in a chapter or unit
- Keep an alphabetized list of words
- Or divide the notebook or document into different topic areas such as sports, food, health, etc.
It can be helpful to write more than the meaning or translation of each word
- Is it a noun, verb, or adjective, etc.?
- Show the word or phrase in context.
- Is there other information that will help you remember or that may be useful? Root or origin of the word? Synonyms? Pronunciation?
What is important, however, is that the notebook works for you. How can you organize it to help you remember new vocabulary and phrases?
Finding Meaning in Context and Grouping Words Together
Throughout this curriculum, we encourage students to find meaning of words in context. This means that rather than looking up each unknown word in a dictionary, students are to guess what the meaning of a word is by the clues in context. When you read, you can usually tell if a word is a noun, verb, adjective or other part of speech. Sometimes, definitions can be found within the sentence or paragraph. For example:
As the number of smokers gets smaller in industrialized nations, such as the United States and Canada, the tobacco companies focus their advertising in less developed regions of the world.
We can guess that “industrialized nations” means whatever the United States and Canada represents—Western countries, “developed” countries, big economy countries, etc.
Listening for meaning in context can be easier and more challenging. You cannot go back and “read” what was just said, but when communicating with a real person, other communicative gestures and facial expressions may help.
Sometimes grouping words together can help students learn new vocabulary. Because all the words below are grouped together, you can more easily guess their meaning because you know they are related to one another.
The words in the chart below are in groups of words related in various ways to each other. In the space provided on the right, brainstorm the meanings of the words and phrases and try to guess the meanings of all the words grouped together. Some brainstorming for the first group is already in the space on the right. See if you can add to those words, then continue to the other groups of words. You may want to do this with a partner or small group of classmates.
cigarettes cigarette company tobacco tobacco manufacturer tobacco industry cigarette brand |
tobacco leaf -- stick of tobacco to smoke company = manufacturer = industry brand = Marlboro, Camel, Dunhill, 555 |
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smoke to smoke inhale exhale fill the lungs to quit smoking |
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advertise advertisement ad tobacco ad cigarette ad marketing selling an image target aim promote hidden message to sponsor to ban |
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smoke screen cover up truth whole truth independently thinking read between the lines clue |
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healthy fit clean wholesome exercise and eating right |
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addiction nicotine addiction cancer lung cancer throat cancer heart disease |
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young good-looking popular slim |
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dirty habit smelly clothes bad breath yellow teeth gross gross-smelling |
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models actors cartoon characters |
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Study Skill A:
Key Words, Stress, and the Main Idea
In spoken English, words that are stressed are the most important words for understanding meaning. A word that has stress is pronounced clearly, louder, and with a higher pitch.
“Nguyen,” the name, is the most important word in the sentence above, so it is stressed.
Look at the stress in the next two sentences. What are the important words for meaning? xxx
“Smoke” is stressed in the first sentence, and “don’t” is stressed in the second. Therefore, we understand that these are important words for understanding. These important words are also called key words. Understanding these key words, then help the listener to catch the main idea of what is being said.
Look at the following paragraph and listen to the narrator. The words that are stressed are circled.
Here are the words that were stressed:
laws |
smoking |
place |
restrictions |
advertising |
especially |
aimed |
children |
lawsuits |
millions |
damages |
document |
knew |
harmful |
denying |
these |
problems |
tobacco |
States |
By looking at these words, we can more accurately guess what the meaning of the paragraph is.
Exercises and Activities for Speaking Skill A:
Exercise 1: Listen to the following passage and circle the words that are stressed.
Are the giant tobacco companies in financial danger? Probably not, because cigarette use is growing in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and in the former Soviet Union. In Asia alone, the World Health Organization estimated at the beginning of the 1990s that smoking would increase by one-third during the decade.
Exercise 2: Form 3 Small Groups: Each group will listen to one of the listening passages written below. Groups should not look at the other passages that are assigned to the other small groups. Circle the stressed words and make a list of key words. Each group will write their words on the board. The other two groups will make guesses about the main ideas of each passage based on the key words.
Passage A
In many Asian countries, smoking is fashionable. And, Asian smokers seem to be attracted to glitzy advertising campaigns. Smoking American or European cigarettes is seen as "cool." No gift is more appreciated in Vietnam than British-made ‘555' cigarettes. In China, the choice is Marlboro. Among the people of Thailand, it is Dunhill." Rates of smoking are extremely high among Asian men-60 percent in Japan and China, for examples, and a remarkable 73 percent in Vietnam.
Passage B
China is an especially attractive market to the tobacco companies because it has a huge population—over one billion people--and a growing economy. The number of smokers in China is greater than the population of the United States. Other market groups targeted by the tobacco companies are Asian women and young people. While adult males have been the most common smokers in Asia, advertising aimed particularly at women and young people seeks to change that. Increasing numbers of Asian women see smoking as a sign of their liberation. In Vietnam, the number has reached as high as 34 percent of women.
Passage C
Physicians and scientists are concerned about how increased smoking will affect the health of the Asian people. One scientist estimates that "because of increasing tobacco consumption in Asia, the annual worldwide death toll from tobacco-related illnesses will more than triple over the next two or three decades, from about 3 million a year to 10 million a year, a fifth of them in China. His calculations suggest that 50 million Chinese children alive today will eventually die from diseases linked to cigarette smoking."
See this whole article in the IC3 section of this chapter.
Lecture/Presentation:
The following listening passage is from The Surgeon General's Report for Kids about Smoking (http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr/4kids/adbust.htm). In it, students look at cigarette advertising and try to find the tricks used to get people to smoke. To be an “Ad Buster” means to analyze the advertisement for how it is selling a product, to whom it is targeting, and what may not be the truth about the product.
Listen to the narrator. He/She will ask your class to look and analyze an advertisement before hearing what the students say about the advertisement.
Be an Ad Buster
(transcript)
Narrator: What is advertising? It's a way for companies to help sell their products (and make money). Unfortunately, tobacco ads don't tell the whole truth. They're a smoke screen designed to cover up one simple fact — smoking is very, very bad for your health!
Even worse, some cigarette companies target their ads to kids. How? They use ads with bright colors and lots of pictures. And they put these ads in magazines that appeal to kids, like Sports Illustrated, Rolling Stone, and Mademoiselle.
The tobacco companies are selling an image to kids. Their ads try to make it look like you'll be independent if you smoke. But the best way to be independent is to think of yourself — and not let a big company do your thinking for you. To get to the truth, we asked kids in a small town in the mountains of Colorado, to read between the lines of some popular ads.
Look at the first advertisements and answer the questions.
(end of transcript)
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Advertisement 1: Discuss in class these questions:
(transcript) Narrator: Listen to what students have to say about this advertisement. Student A: "They make it seem like you'll be tough and strong, like a cowboy, if you smoke their brand." Student B: "They show this clean, refreshing outdoor scene. They don't show the air filled with gross-smelling cigarette smoke." Narrator : One of the models who played the Marlboro Man died of lung cancer. Cigarette ads are often set in clean, wholesome settings, and they never show smoke. They don't give you a clue about how bad a burning cigarette smells! (end of transcript)
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Advertisement 2: Discuss in class these questions:
(transcript) Narrator: Listen to what students have to say about this advertisement. Student A: "Look at how white her teeth are. They wouldn't really look that white if she smoked." Student B: "People who buy the cigarettes think if they can smoke and be pretty and thin and have fun, maybe I can too." Narrator: Cigarette ads for women have always promoted slimness. But cigarettes are not healthy. Exercising and eating right are two of the smartest things you can do to stay fit and healthy. (end of transcript)
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Advertisement 3: Discuss in class these questions:
(transcript) Narrator: Listen to what students have to say about this advertisement. Student A: "They're trying to show that if you smoke, you'll have a good time." Student B: "The models are always young, good-looking, and popular." Narrator: Cigarette ads have a hidden message: "Smoking helps you make friends and will make you desirable." But do you know anybody who desires someone with bad breath, smelly clothes, and yellow teeth? (end of transcript)
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Advertisement 4: Discuss in class these questions:
(transcript) Narrator: Listen to what students have to say about this advertisement. Student A: "Camel cigarettes uses Joe Camel, a cartoon character, to catch kids. Kids like cartoons more than adults do." Student B: "If the cigarette companies can get kids hooked on a brand, then they just might buy that brand their whole life." Narrator : The youth market is very important to the big tobacco companies, because young smokers are needed to replace older smokers who quit or die. Kids like humor, and kids like cartoons — and Camel ads use both. Now we’ll look at another tricky way to advertise: Cigarette ads have been banned from TV and radio in the U.S. since 1971. But, the tobacco companies do sponsor sporting events that are shown on TV. Then they plaster their names all over everything. During one 90-minute car race, the word "Marlboro" appeared on TV 5,933 times! Is that advertising or not advertising? (end of transcript) |
©Philip Morris Inc. / |
Advertisement 5: Discuss in class these questions:
(transcript) Narrator: Listen to what students have to say about this advertisement. Student A: "An athlete would never smoke, because it would affect her tennis playing." Student B: "It's a way for them to advertise without advertising — and they don't have to put a warning on the signs." Narrator: Six years after Virginia Slims cigarettes for women were introduced, more than twice as many teenage girls were smoking. And tobacco companies say they don't target kids! (end of transcript) |
Exercises and Activities for Listening Skill A:
Stressing Keywords in Speech. Previously in the chapter, we focused on listening for the stressed words which are keywords that help students understand the main idea. Now try to speak with stress of these keywords.
Below are the comments made by the students in the listening passage. You may want to listen to these comments again. Then try to say them with stress on the important or keywords. The sentences below have the words to be stressed in bold and underlined form.
Repeat the ten sentences below to practice the rhythm of stress in spoken English.
1. "They make it seem like you'll be tough and strong, like a cowboy, if you smoke their brand."
2. "They show this clean, re freshing outdoor scene. They don't show the air filled with gross-smelling ciga rette smoke."
3. "Look at how white her teeth are. They wouldn't really look that white if she smoked."
4. " People who buy the ciga rettes think if they can smoke and be pretty and thin and have fun, maybe I can too."
5."They're trying to show that if you smoke, you'll have a good time."
6. "The models are always young, good- looking, and popular."
7. " Kids like car toons more than a dults do."
8. "If the cigarette companies can get kids hooked on a brand, then they just might buy that brand their whole life."
9. "An athlete would never smoke, because it would affect her tennis playing."
10. "It's a way for them to advertise without advertising — and they don't have to put a warning on the signs.
Study Skill B: Expressing Opinions—Agreeing and Disagreeing
How do people in Vietnam express their opinions? There are different customs for all cultures in how they agree or disagree with each other. One can consider eye contact, tone of voice, choice of words, body posture and more.
Here we will consider the words only. To politely express your opinion with agreement or disagreement, below are words that you can use to begin to express your opinion.
To Agree |
To Disagree |
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I agree. I think so, too. I believe . . . I’m sure . . . That’s true. That’s right. I feel the same way. |
I disagree. I don’t think so. I don’t believe . . . I’m not sure . . . That’s not true. That’s not right. That’s not so. |
Exercises and Activities for Listening Study Skill B:
Form Groups of Four or Five People: Take turns reading the following passage as indicated. When an opinion is expressed, each member of the group should express their agreement or disagreement with the statement and explain why. Use the words from Skill B. For example, the first statement is:
"If you don't smoke it makes you look like you're not a man, so you have to smoke."
Someone might say: “I agree with this statement. I believe that a man who smokes shows strength.”
Someone else might say: “I don’t think smoking should measure a man. A man should be judged by his head and his heart.”
The following reading passage is from: IT'S RUDE TO SAY NO: VIETNAMESE OPINIONS ABOUT TOBACCO CONTROL by Debra Efroymson, M.S. (1), Vu Pham Nguyen Thanh, Ph.D. (2), Dao Tran Phuong (3), Vietnam March 1998
http://www.idrc.ca/tobacco/rude.htm
Reader #1: Why People Smoke
In order to dissuade new smokers from starting and current smokers to quit, it is helpful to understand the motivations for smoking. People offer a wide range of reasons: to prevent cold and boredom, to reach out to their friends by offering and accepting cigarettes, because someone encouraged them, to lose weight, to show they're not stingy, because their job requires it.
Reader #2: There are almost as many reasons to smoke as there are smokers--but there are some common themes. One of the most common reasons men give for smoking is to be masculine. Many men say that women as well as men push them to smoke to be manly, or to look good. In one group discussion, six out of ten young women agreed that if a man smokes, it makes him look more manly.
"If you don't smoke it makes you look like you're not a man, so you have to smoke." (female teaching student, Nha Trang).
Question A: Do you agree or disagree with the idea that smoking makes a man look like a man? (Each one in the group should make a statement to agree or disagree)
Reader #3: It is a common social custom in Vietnam to greet male guests in the home and workplace, and male friends on the street, by offering them cigarettes. Smoking--including the offering and accepting of cigarettes--is considered polite behavior, while refusing cigarettes can be treated as rude.
Reader #4: Men enjoy the social bonding that accompanies the offering and accepting of cigarettes. Some young men say they only smoke when their friends offer them a cigarette, so as to be "happy", but don't smoke or smoke little on their own.
"Often I don't want to smoke, but if I go out with a friend then I smoke." (male medical student, Danang).
Question B: Do you agree or disagree with the idea that it is impolite to not accept a cigarette when a friend offers? (Each one in the group should make a statement to agree or disagree)
Reader #5: Part of the pressure on men to smoke is the perception that men should not be afraid to spend money--that while it's bad for women to be spendthrifts, men should be careless about money, and not "regret" spending it.
Reader #6: "Sometimes in a cafe I'll hear people say, that guy is really ragged, he doesn't even have money to smoke. I think smoking is a way to show whether or not I have money; I don't think like that, but in society maybe smoking is still a luxury, men have smart-looking cigarettes, smart-looking matchboxes. It's probably like women who fritter away money on perfume?" (male medical student, Danang).
Question: C: Is cigarette smoking a way to show that a man is not cheap? (Each one in the group should make a statement to agree or disagree)
Reader #7: Others say that tobacco is needed for comfort--as protection from cold or hunger. People mention many jobs that require cigarettes, including drivers, security guards, writers, artists...anyone who must stay awake, deal with long periods of boredom, or concentrate and read or write a lot.
Reader #8: Cigarettes are also associated with certain moods, including both happiness and sadness. For others, smoking is linked to drinking coffee, or is simply habit. Finally, people smoke simply because so many of their friends and fathers do, or because of other role models.
Reader #9: "If there are still famous people who smoke then youth will imitate them, especially since tobacco-related diseases take so long to appear and in fact not everyone who smokes will get one of those diseases." (male college student, Danang).
Question D: Do you think that seeing famous people smoke encourages young people to smoke? (Each one in the group should make a statement to agree or disagree)
Reader #10: Women Who Use Tobacco
A slow shift may be occurring about attitudes towards women smoking: a change that may accelerate as Western influences continue to affect society. While the traditional view still holds that smoking is unfeminine and is mainly restricted to prostitutes, other comments indicate a shift towards the belief that smoking represents liberation.
Reader #11: The comments also suggest that effective measures to discourage women from tobacco use should concentrate on the effects on appearance, or on her fetus. Both women and men generally express the view that the image of women smoking is unacceptable, and feel that men like it because it shows that the woman is “bad” or are stronger than the usual woman.
"I think those people [female smokers] aren't women anymore, it's like a man who uses makeup." (young woman, HCMC)
Question E: Do you agree or disagree that women who smoke are not feminine? (Each one in the group should make a statement to agree or disagree)
Reader #12: Many men and women indicate that women are more concerned about health than men, and that women should abstain from smoking because of potential harm to the fetus.
"[Smoking] affects her personality, and cigarettes are very harmful for women's health, and especially if she is pregnant then it will affect the fetus." (female medical student, Danang)
Finally, a few men and women say that it's fine for women to smoke--if they're not pregnant.
"I think it's OK, if I smoke then she can also smoke, since when does a cigarette determine your character?" (male college student, Nha Trang)
Question F: Which student do you agree with, the medical student from Danang or the student from Nha Trang? (Each one in the group should make a statement to agree or disagree)
REVIEW
Exercise 1: Begin with reviewing vowels. Your teacher will say the 10 Vietnamese vowels and see if you can correctly write them down.
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Exercise 2: Repeat after your teacher as she says the following words focusing on correctly pronouncing the tones.
Lô lộ
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lỗ lô
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ló le
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lố lồ
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lỗ lố
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ló lê
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lố lộ
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lỗ lồ
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ló lăn
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lô lố
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lỗ lộ
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ló la
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lồ lố
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lỗ lổ
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lõ lạ
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lồ lộ
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ló lo
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lõ lận
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lổ lô
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ló lơ
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lõ lá
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lổ lồ
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ló lân
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lõ là
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lổ lố
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ló lô
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lõ lạ
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lổ lộ
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ló lu
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lõ lả
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lổ lổ
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ló lư
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lõ lõ
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Exercise 3: Your teacher will now say 10 words with two syllables each. Do your best to write them correctly.
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Vocabulary
New vocabulary related to health:
Cơ thể
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Body |
Mập
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Fat |
Bệnh viện
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Hospital |
Yếu
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Weak |
Bị bệnh
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Sick |
Ốm
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Thin |
Bị cảm |
Have a cold
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Tốt
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Good |
Bị vỡ
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Broken |
Chết
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Die/dead |
Đi
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Go |
Sống
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Live |
Bác sĩ
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Doctor |
Viên
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Pill |
Y tá
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Nurse |
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Exercise 4: Now, using all of the vocabulary that you have learned, try to tell a friend about a time you or someone you knew had to go to a hospital. If you don’t know the vocabulary, look it up in your dictionary. After you have told your friend, each person will share their story with the class. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes!
Vâng, Không, Được
How do we say “Yes” in Vietnamese? We have learned how to say “No” (Không), but have we learned how to say “Yes”?
In northern Vietnam, people use a word that is very similar to the phrase we use in English. That word is “Vâng”. Here is an example where the word “Vâng” is used in northern Vietnam.
Anh có vợ không? |
Do you have a wife?
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Vâng. Tôi có vợ. |
Yes. I have a wife. |
However, in the south of Vietnam, the word Vâng is rarely used. Instead, there are a couple words you can use depending on the situation. If someone older than you asks you if you have a wife, the conversation should go like this:
Em có vợ không? |
Younger person, do you have a wife?
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Dạ. Em có vợ. |
Respectfully yes. Younger person has a wife. |
However, if you are older than the person who is asking you the question, you will respond differently.
Anh có vợ không? |
Older person do you have a wife?
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Ừ. Anh có vợ. |
Yes. Older person has a wife. |
There are other ways to say that you agree with what someone else is saying. For example, if someone asks you to go and drink coffee with them, you can respond with a word that is approximately equivalent to the word “OK” in English.
Anh có muốn đi uống cà phê không? |
Older person, do you want to go and drink coffee?
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Được. Chúng ta đi uống cà phê. |
OK. Let’s go drink coffee. |
The word “được” is very commonly used. If you would like to ask someone if they agree with what you are saying, it’s easy to use this phrase.
Đi được không? |
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Can you go? |
