Level I
Chapter 1
Writing
IC3 Section
English | Vietnamese
IC3 | IT | TOEFL | Best Answer
Assessment
Appendices
Who in the world am I?
Tôi là ai trong thế giới này?
کسی دردنیا هستم؟ من چه
¿Quién soy yo?
Skills:
In this chapter you will do these things:
English Language Skills:
- Answering Questions using present tense and the form “to be”
- Vocabulary for describing faces.
- Nine steps to the writing process (overview)
- Freewritng
- Organizing a paragraph
- Rules for the Form of Sentences and Paragraphs
- Describing physical characteristics
- Punctuation Rules (Appendix A)
- Capitalization Rules (Appendix B)
Vietnamese Language Skills
- Personal pronouns
- The verb “La” (equal with “to be”)
- Patterns of greeting and asking about age
- Practice translating into Vietnamese
- Writing a paragraph in Vietnamese
IC3 Skills:
Freewriting reaction to an article: “West is Best for Beauty”
IT Skills:
- Opening Word
- Saving a Document
- Formatting a Floppy Disk
- Files and Folders
- Creating a Folder on your Floppy Disk
- Creating a Folder on your desktop
- Completing and Saving your Written Work on Computer, Floppy Disk, CD and Memory Stick
TOEFL : memorizing and plagiarism
Intercultural Communicative Competence
IC3 Passage(s) in English and Vietnamese (sometimes comparative):
Are perceptions of beauty shaped by culture? Or are perceptions of beauty based on personal opinion? Are our perceptions of beauty shaped by the media? Below is an article that may be controversial. It was most likely written for a Western audience, but when one reads the article, one wonders if Vietnamese readers would agree or disagree with the observations presented here. As you read the following article be conscious of your reactions to the observations of a Westerner in Vietnam. Do you think that the observation is accurate? Do you agree with the observation and does it make you feel uncomfortable? Or do you think that Vietnamese are secure with their sense of beauty and cannot be swayed by Western media? Or do you think it is okay to strive to be beautiful in a Western way?
Read through the article once. Read it again and write down anything that comes to your mind as you read through the article. You may be reminded of an event or conversation. You may have a strong opinion. You might be able to think of a specific incident that supports or refutes the observation of this writer. You may need to make a list of things that you think define beauty. Immediately following the article are some discussion questions to ponder that go beyond the article. You may choose to read those questions before you read the article or you may read the article then contemplate the questions. Freewrite your reaction to this article. Then share your ideas on-line or with your class.
West is Best for Beauty
(from BBC News Service, January 11, 1999
Le Viet Nam, Aujourd’hui: The Vietnam News,
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/patrick.guenin/cantho/vnnews/beauty.htm)
After more than a decade of economic liberalization in Vietnam, women are bearing the brunt of change. Traditional notions of physical beauty are coming under strain as a huge influx of advertising and other western factors influence the country. The authorities have frequently voiced concern over the social impact this trend is having, especially on younger people. It might not be Paris or Milan, but on the catwalks of downtown Saigon, they take their looks as seriously and it is the beauty icons of the Western world that set the standards.
Backstage at a fashion show, 22-year-old Tranh wishes she had the blonde locks and all-American features of Marilyn Monroe while her friend, Lan-Anh, envies Cindy Crawford, not so much for her style, as for her looks. A glance at the advertising billboards tells Vietnamese women in no uncertain terms that when it comes to beauty, West is best. The shops overflow with imported cosmetics of every description—not least an extensive range of products meant to turn a brown skin white. Unlike many of their western counterparts, Vietnamese women go to great lengths to avoid getting tan. Hats and long gloves protect against the bronzed skin which in color-conscious Vietnam is the mark of a lowly manual laborer. Of course there are those Vietnamese women for whom all the make-up and all the cosmetics will never be quite enough in terms of achieving that western look. Those are the sort of women who turn to surgery.
The new generation of plastic surgeons in Vietnam no longer heals the scars of the war. Instead, they make a comfortable living trimming noses, creating double eyelids and expanding the busts female patients unhappy with the way nature left them. In his surgery, Dr. Nguyen Xuan Cuong explains to the latest customer for his craft that a more shapely Western-style nose will embellish her Vietnamese looks. “Higher is better. I put this implant inside her nose under the skin, and on top of the bone, the nasal bone, to make her higher, like that.”
In the waiting room downstairs, more hopeful clients ponder the enhancements that the scalpel can achieve. For Vietnamese women, it seems the pursuit of the Western ideal of beauty, however questionable, has never been more apparent.
Nhận thức về cái đẹp có phải do văn hoá định hình? Hay nhận thức về cái đẹp là tuỳ vào ý kiến cá nhân? Quan niệm về cái đẹp của chúng ta có bị ảnh hưởng bới các phương tiện truyền thông? Dưới đây là một bài đọc có thể gây ra tranh cãi. Bài này gần như là viết cho các độc giả phương Tây, nhưng khi đọc nó, người ta nghĩ, liệu các bạn đọc Việt Nam có đồng ý hay không với những điều nói về họ. Trong khi đọc nài báo này, hãy chú ý đến những phản ứng của mình đối với những phát hiện của một người phương Tây ở Việt Nam. Theo bạn những phát hiện đó có chính xác không? bạn có đồng ý với những phát hiện đó không hay chúng làm bạn cảm thấy khó chịu? Hay bạn nghĩ người Việt Nam có thái độ rõ ràng về quan niệm thế nào là đẹp và không quan tâm đến ý kiến phương Tây? Hay bạn nghĩ rằng cố làm đẹp theo kiểu phương Tây là đúng?
Hãy đọc bài một lần. Đọc lại lần thứ hai và ghi lại những gì bạn nghĩ tới trong khi đọc bài. Trong khi đọc bạn có thể nhớ tới một sự kiện hay một cuộc nói chuyện có liên quan nào đó. Bạn có thể có ý kiến xác đáng. Bạn có thể dẫn ra một trường hợp cụ thể để minh hoạ hoặc bác lại các quan sát của tác giả phương Tây. Bạn có thể phải liệt kê những điều mà theo bạn để xác định cái đẹp. Ngay sau bài báo là một số câu hỏi thảo luận để suy nghĩ sâu hơn. Bạn có thể đọc câu hỏi trước khi đọc bài hoặc ngược lại. Hãy liệt kê những phản ứng từ việc đọc bài báo này. Chia sẻ ý kiến qua mạng với lớp.
Phương Tây là chuẩn mực của cái đẹp
(Từ chương trình dịch vụ mới của đài BBC phát ngày 11 tháng 1, 1999
Việt nam Hôm nay: Thời sự Việt Nam,
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/patrick.guenin/cantho/vnnews/beauty.htm)
Sau hơn một thập kỉ giải phóng nền kinh tế ở Việt Nam, phụ nữ là người chịu đựng chính mọi nỗi niềm của đổi mới. Quan niệm truyền thống về sắc đẹp hình thể đang bị lung lay bởi một làn sóng khổng lồ của quảng cáo và các yếu tố phương Tây khác tràn vào đất nước. Các cấp chính quyền thường xuyên lên tiếng lo ngại về ảnh hưởng xã hội của xu hướng này nhất là đối với lớp thanh niên. Có thể không bằng với Pari hoặc Milan, nhưng trên sàn diễn thời trang ở Sài Gòn, người mẫu Việt Nam quan tâm thực sự tới việc làm cho mình trông giống như các người mẫu phương Tây, chuẩn mực của cái đẹp.
Ở hậu trường cuộc biểu diễn thời trang, cô gái 22 tuổi tên là Tranh nói cô muốn có những lọn tóc vàng và tất cả những đặc điểm của cô gái phương Tây như Marilyn Monroe trong khi bạn của Tranh, Lan Anh, ghen tị với Cindy Crawford, không phải vì thời trang , mà vì sắc đẹp của cô ta. Nhìn qua các biển quảng cáo thấy rằng, đối với phụ nữ Việt Nam khi nói về cái đẹp, không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa, chuẩn mực là ở phương Tây. Các cửa hiệu tràn ngập mỹ phẩm nhập khẩu đủ loại – các sản phẩm tẩy trắng da cũng không kém phần phong phú đa dạng. Không như nhiều chị em ở phương Tây, phụ nữ Việt Nam cố gắng rất nhiều để tránh bị rám nắng. Mũ và găng tay dài tay dùng để bảo vệ da khỏi bị nâu, màu da, ở một nước coi trọng làn da đến thế, bị coi là dấu hiệu của việc phải làm công việc nặng nhọc. Tất nhiên có những người mà dù có trang điểm hay dùng mỹ phẩm đến đâu đi nữa cũng không đủ để trông trắng trẻo như người phương Tây. Những người như thế thường hay nhờ vào phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ.
Thế hệ mới các bác sỹ phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ ở Việt Nam không còn chữa các vết sẹo do chiến tranh để lại nữa. Thay vào đó họ kiếm tiền thoải mái bằng phẫu thuật sửa mũi, cắt mí mắt, nâng ngực cho những người phụ nữ không bằng lòng với sự thiên phú của tạo hoá. Trong phòng mổ của mình, bác sỹ Nguyễn Xuân Cường giải thích cho bệnh nhân mới nhất rằng phẫu thuật nâng mũi cao như người phương Tây của ông ta sẽ làm đẹp thêm vẻ Việt Nam của bà ta. “Mũi càng cao càng đẹp. Tôi cấy thêm miếng đệm dưới mũi, chỗ dưới da và trên xương, xương sống mũi, làm cho nó cao hơn, như thế này.”
Ở phòng chờ tầng dưới, các khách hàng đầy tham vọng đang cân nhắc xem dao mổ có thể đem lại những thay đổi gì về sắc đẹp. Đối với phụ nữ Việt Nam, việc theo đuổi sắc đẹp lý tưởng kiểu phương Tây tuy chưa phổ biến nhưng càng ngày càng hiển nhiên hơn.
Câu hỏi thảo luận: (Diễn đàn liên văn hoá?)
- Cái đẹp là gì? Có khái niệm cái đẹp chung cho toàn thế giới không?
- Hãy so sánh và đối lập hai khái niệm cái đẹp của Việt Nam và của Phương Tây.
- Các khái niệm về cái đẹp tồn tại được bằng cách nào?
- Làm thế nào để giữ gìn các khái niệm về cái đẹp truyền thống? Có nên gìn giữ không?
Discussion Questions: (Cross-cultural Forum?)
- What is beauty? Is there a universal perception of beauty?
- Compare and contrast the idea of Vietnamese beauty and Western beauty.
- How are concepts of beauty perpetuated?
- How can traditional concepts of beauty be preserved? Should they be preserved?
Chapter 1 – Sketching a Web :
This lesson within each IC3 chapter presents ways for “communities of learning” to further their inter-cultural experience. First, these lessons open your classroom out onto a much bigger world. Take the learning from in-class exercises and begin to make applications outside of class and off campus. In this way, practice applying your knowledge in real life situations.
Second, these lessons make possible a more three-dimensional relationship with other “communities of learning.” You are linked through an online learning platform with youth in another culture, on another continent, and embedded in a different way of “knowing.” Make the most of this online link and imagine ways in which you can shape and give depth to this relationship.
But there is a critical first step! You must first identify who you are. Do so here through examining the “web” of influences in your own life. Who has shaped you? Who has suggested to you possible directions in life? With whom do you spend your most meaningful time? The initial “Taking It Further” lessons provide steps for your own creation of a web of relations and influences. Use this and the step-by-step web platform to post a three-dimensional picture of your personality and community.
As other “Taking It Further” exercises take you more deeply into your community and links with other “communities of learning” around the world, you are free to go back and modify your posted identity on the IC3 web.
So let us get started! Take out a blank piece of paper. Draw lines from three corners toward the center of page. Imagine that as a spider spins a web, you too have “anchor points” from which you drop threads of experience, learning, received wisdom, environmental influences, and meaningful relationships. Think long and hard about the most significant of these influences in your life. With a pencil (for you will likely be going back and erasing and rewriting a lot), write in words or short phrases that could label these influences. On separate sheets of paper, write and rewrite a paragraph about each of these “anchor points.” In Lesson 2, you will be asked to use this information to post online your “lifelong learning web.” You will be given space to submit five brief entries. Keep this in mind as you write and rewrite your paragraphs.
Set aside your penciled-in “lifelong learning web” of explanatory paragraphs. Talk this exercise over with classmates and instructors.
Opening Word
- Pull up the “Start” menu in the bottom left hand corner of your screen.
- Go to “All Programs” and open Microsoft Word. Once the program opens you should have a blank document in front of you.
- Write a few sentences answering the question “Who in the world am I?”
*There are a number of good websites that provide glossaries for computer terms. If you do not understand a word associated with these descriptions, go to: http://www.sharpened.net/glossary/definition.php?harddrive as one example.
Saving a Document
- Be sure you have disk that will work in this computer and insert it into the disk drive.
- Click on the “File” menu in the top left hand corner of the screen. Notice that on the “File Menu” there are two save options, “Save” and “Save As.” Select “Save.”
- You now have the “Save” box in front of you. This is like a map of your computer’s storage space. From here you can place the document you have just written anywhere on your computer.
- Look in the top left corner of the save box for the words “Save in:” look to the right of these words and notice there is a picture of a folder and the words “My Documents.” If you were to tell the computer to save your paragraph right now, it would be stored in the folder called “My Documents.” Click on the arrow facing down to the right of the picture of the folder and the words “My Documents.”
- Now you can see all of the different places that you can put your paragraph. On the list look for the picture of a disk and click on the words “3 ½ floppy (A:)”
- Now you have opened your disk and should be able to see if there are any other documents on it. Look to the right of “Save In:” and “3 ½ floppy (A:)” and you will see three pictures of folders. Click on the folder that looks like it has three lines coming out of its top right corner. This will open a box called “New Folder.”
- Name this folder after yourself so in the box next to where it says “Name:” type in your name. Click OK in the top right corner of the “New Folder” box and you will notice that in the “Save” box your folder name now appears where it once said “3 ½ floppy (A:).”
- Look to the bottom of the “Save” box and see that there is some text highlighted in blue next to the words “File name.” Call the paragraph that you have just written “Who in the World am I” by typing that in the box where the words are now highlighted in blue.
- Click on the button that says “Save” Your document is now saved on your disk. You will be able to see the words “Who in the World am I” below the toolbars and above your document.
- Click on the “X” in the upper right hand corner to close Word.
Exercise:
The following information technology (IT) skill-building exercise is the same for all Chapter 1 books. The objective is for you to discuss the substance of your answer in your Listening/Speaking class, develop your answer with the related selections in your Reading class, and complete your written response to the IC3 question, "Who in the world am I?" for your Writing class. You may work on this writing assignment in your desktop folder, and then save this document to the appropriate folder on your formatted disk. The following IT exercise offers instruction for your desktop and disk work, and finally asks that you copy and paste this writing assignment into the www.emu/ic3 forum site for Level I, Chapter 1. Once you have completed this step, you are sharing your work in a second language with "coursemates" half-way across the world. In turn, you are learning from them as they share with you in your language (their second language) on the same IC3 question.
To begin:
You will need one new 3 ½ floppy diskette (disk) for your completed written work and posting to "Best Answer" entries on the www.emu.edu/ic3 forum. Be sure that your disk is new. Alternatively, you may save your work on a used disk, but the following formatting exercise will erase all data on your disk.
Formatting a floppy diskette (disk):
- On your computer desktop, double-click on "My Computer."
- Insert the disk that you want to format in the A: drive. Note: formatting a disk will erase anything you may already have saved on the disk.
- Right-click on the "3 ½ Floppy (A:)" icon
- Left-click on "Format."
- Left-click on "Full" and then "Start." A blue line will advance across the bottom of the screen. When this line is completed, another box will pop up. Select "Close." Or if you have a newer software program, a blue box will pop up and tell you that your formatting is complete.
Files and folders overview:
Most tasks involve working with files and folders. Folders are used to provide a storage system for the files on your computer, just as you use manila folders to organize information in a filing cabinet.
Folders can contain many different types of files, such as documents, music, pictures, videos, and programs. You can copy and move files from other locations, such as another folder, computer, or the Internet, to folders you create. You can even create folders within folders.
For example, if you are creating and storing files in the “My Documents” folder, you can make a new folder within “My Documents” to contain the files. If you decide that you want to move the new folder to a different location, you can easily move it and its contents by selecting the folder and dragging it to the new location.
Creating a folder on your floppy disk:
- Left-click once on "3 ½ Floppy (A:)."
- Left-click on "Make a New Folder."
- The new folder will appear at the end of the list of file names and will be blue-highlighted and named "New Folder."
- With your cursor on this blue-highlighted line, rename the folder in this way. Type in your given name, followed immediately (with no space) by L1. This designates that this is for your written work in Chapter 1 of the Level I level of the curriculum. For example, if your name is "Huyen" this folder name would be huyenL1.
- If your teacher asks you to submit written exercises for the level 1, he or she may then identify whose work it is and the level and chapter of instruction in the curriculum.
Creating a folder on your desktop
- Right-click in a blank space on your desktop.
- Left-click "New" and then "Folder."
- The new folder will appear as a new icon on your desktop. It will be blue-highlighted and read "New Folder."
- Rename the folder by typing a different name in the highlighted area. This "difference" will be slight. Add "desk" to the folder name on your disk. Adding to the example from above,"huyenL1" would now become on the desktop, "huyenL1desk." This folder can hold your "draft" work until it is saved to your 3 ½ floppy disk.
Completing and saving your written work:
- Open "Word" or whatever word processing program you have on your computer. Then type in your response to "Who in the world am I?" IC3 question
- Check your spelling and grammar. DO NOT rely on any "spell-check" or "grammar-check" feature of your computer, for this curriculum means to help you build these skills. This curriculum DOES NOT wish to see you lazily rely on someone else's software for correct spelling and grammar. In the end, it is not the computer, but rather you who will benefit greatly from bi-lingual competence and IC3 knowledge.
- As you work on the writing assignment for Level I, Chapter 1, do so in the desktop folder.
- Across your Listening/Speaking, Writing, and Reading exercises, you have been addressing in depth the IC3 question posed at the start of Chapter 1. When your answer to this question is completed, save this document onto your disk. On the menu bar, click on the "File" box at the top left portion of your computer screen. Then click on "Save As."
- Open your desktop by clicking anywhere on the screen, other than in the Word document you have been writing. Left-click on your desktop folder. In our example above, this is "huyenL1desk." At the bottom of your screen, there would be a blue-highlighted "File Name" bar. Type in "L1writing." Your assignment is now saved as a Word document on your desktop folder.
- Now save this work to your disk. On the menu bar, click on File, then Save As. This should open a message box. Your file's name should appear in the "File name" dropped-down box. In the "Save in" dropped-down box, choose "3 ½ Floppy (A:)." Click on Save. Your writing assignment is now saved as a Word document on your own disk. You may remove the disk from the computer.
- Posting your work to "Best Answers": You are now ready to post your document in the "Best Answer" forum.
To copy files and folders to a CD
- Insert a blank, writable CD into the CD recorder.
- Open “My Computer.”
- Click the files or folders you want to copy to the CD. To select more than one file, hold down the CTRL key while you click the files you want. Then, under “File and Folder Tasks”, click “Copy this file”, “Copy this folder,” or “Copy the selected items.”
If the files are located in “My Pictures”, under “Picture Tasks”, click “Copy to CD” or “Copy all items to CD,” and then skip to step 5. - In the Copy Items dialog box, click the CD recording drive, and then click Copy.
- In My Computer, double-click the CD recording drive. Windows displays a temporary area where the files are held before they are copied to the CD. Verify that the files and folders that you intend to copy to the CD appear under Files Ready to be Written to the CD.
- Under CD Writing Tasks, click Write these files to CD. Windows displays the CD Writing Wizard. Follow the instructions in the wizard.
Notes
- To open “My Computer,” click “Start,” and then click “My Computer.”
- Do not copy more files to the CD than it will hold. Standard CDs hold up to 650 megabytes (MB). High-capacity CDs hold up to 850 MB.
- Be sure that you have enough disk space on your hard disk to store the temporary files that are created during the CD writing process. For a standard CD, Windows reserves up to 700 MB of the available free space. For a high-capacity CD, Windows reserves up to 1 gigabyte (GB) of the available free space.
- After you copy files or folders to the CD, it is useful to view the CD to confirm that the files are copied.
Save using a memory stick/USB flash drive
What they look like:
USB flash drives are produced by many manufacturers, so their appearance varies. They also vary in regard to how many megabits they can store. Typically, they are not much larger than a package of chewing gum. They have a plug on the end that you need to plug into a USB port.
Both the USB flash drive and the USB port will be labeled with a symbol. Look for this symbol when attempting to use a USB port or memory stick.
Installing a memory stick:
The USB port will be located either in front of the computer or behind it. Most of the public access computers in the Reference Room of the University Library have the USB port in front. Look for the silver Dell symbol on the front of the machine. Pick up the light gray panel surrounding the Dell symbol, and you will see the port. If the port is in back of the computer, you need to look for the USB symbol.
Look at the plug end of the flash drive before you plug it into the port. You want to make sure you plug it in the correct side. Once you have plugged the flash drive in, a pop up window will appear saying “Found new hardware disk drive.”
Saving a file to a USB flash drive
Click File and Save. At the drop down "save in" menu, look for and select the Removable Drive (It might be “E”, “F”, “G” or some other drive.). This is where you want to save your work.
*You must follow this procedure before removing the memory stick/USB flash drive:
Look for an icon with a green arrow on the bottom right hand section of the computer screen. If you move your mouse over this icon, it will say “Unplug or eject hardware.” Double right click on this icon. You will get a screen that says “Unplug or Eject Hardware.” Select the device you want to unplug, and click stop. If you see a submenu, select the brand name of your storage device. Once you have selected the device and clicked ok, you will get a message stating, “The USB Mass Storage Device can now be safely removed from the system.” Now you can unplug the device.
Taking It Further
(Journal Writing, Extra Assignments, Special Explorations, Creative Endeavors):
Write About Beauty: Select two pictures from a magazine or internet site. One picture should show a picture of a person who is considered a beauty in Vietnam. The other picture should be of a person who is considered to be a Western beauty. Glue the pictures side by side on a piece of paper. Under each picture list or write in a freewriting style what comes to mind about the beauty found in each picture. Write a paragraph or paragraphs to compare and contrast beauty in Vietnam and in the West.
Describe Your Own Physical Appearance: In this chapter you have described the physical appearance of other people. Think about your own physical appearance and describe what you look like. Look in a mirror. Write down your thoughts in a freewriting style. Organize your thoughts and the sentences you have written and write a paragraph describing yourself. Keep in mind the rules and guidelines for writing sentences and paragraphs.
Memorizing and Plagiarism
One of the main differences between education in the United States and education in Vietnam is the value put on memorization. To be able to memorize well is valued highly in Vietnamese education. If a student can quote the words of a famous person on a test or in a composition, it is to their benefit. To be able to recite or rewrite the words of a textbook helps a student pass exams. But in the American educational system teachers value the ability of students to put the material being learned into the student’s own words. To quote or recite a passage from a book without reference to the source of the quote is considered plagiarism. To articulate anything memorized without explaining where it comes from is thought to be bad education practice. Therefore it benefits the student to learn how to paraphrase and summarize and always credit the source. Avoid plagiarizing. It is unacceptable. For more guidance on how to avoid plagiarism do a google search (www.google.com) and type in “Plagiarism” and “Guidelines.” You will see that many universities and colleges in the U.S. have guidelines to avoid plagiarism.
Học thuộc lòng và Đạo văn
Một trong những điểm khác biệt giữa giáo dục Mỹ và Việt Nam là giá trị của sự ghi nhớ. Khả năng nhớ tốt được đánh giá cao trong giáo dục ở Việt Nam. Nếu một sinh viên có thể trích dẫn nguyên văn lời nói của một danh nhân trong bài kiểm tra hay luận văn thì có lợi cho anh ta. Thuật lại và viết lại những từ trong sách giáo khoa giúp cho sinh viên thi đậu các kỳ thi. Nhưng trong hệ thống giáo dục Mỹ, giáo viên đánh giá sinh viên dựa vào khả năng dùng lời văn của họ để diễn giải các tài liệu đã học. Viết lại hay đọc lại nguyên văn từ trong một quyển sách mà không ghi chú xuất xứ của đọan văn đó thì bị coi là đạo văn (ăn cắp văn chương). Đọc nguyên văn bất cứ thứ gì đã học thuộc lòng mà không nói rõ xuất xứ của nó thì bị coi là thói xấu trong học tâp. Do vậy, thật là hữu ích nếu sinh viên học được cách diễn đạt ý người khác bằng lời của mình, tóm tắt và nêu xuất xứ. Hãy tránh ăn cấp văn chương. Điều đó không thể chấp nhận được. Để có thêm hướng dẫn về việc tránh nạn đạo văn, hãy tìm trên mạng Google ( www.google.com), gõ “Đạo văn” và “những hướng dẫn”. Bạn sẽ thấy có nhiều trường đại học và cao đẳng ở Mỹ hướng đẫn cách tránh ăn cắp văn chương.
Blackboard Instructions
After you have completed the Reading, Listening/Speaking, and Writing chapters 1, how would you answer the following question?
