Chapter 3
Reading
IC3 Section
IC3 | IT | TOEFL | Best Answer
Vietnamese translation of IC3
Persian translation of IC3
Language Lessons
Assessment
Health/ Sức Khoẻ/ سلامت و بهداشت
Guiding Question: How do people seek to stay healthy in your culture? |
Câu hỏi hướng dẫn: Mọi người giữ sức khoẻ như thế nào trong nền văn hoá của bạn? |
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سوال راهنما: چگونه مردم در فرهنگ شما سعی در حفظ سلامت و بهداشت خود دارند؟
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Skills:
In this chapter you will do these things:
English Language Skills:
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Some Facts about Rice
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Vocabulary Prediction Chart
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Understanding Paragraph Organization Improves Reading Ability
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Patterns of Organization: Signal Words
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Reading Passage: Let’s Promote Brown Rice to Combat Hidden Hunger
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Reading Between the Lines: Fact or Opinion?
Vietnamese Language Skills:
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IC3 Skills:
TOEFL |
Intercultural Communicative Competence
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Rice Around the World http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/world.htm Rice is a central part of many cultures and some countries even credit rice cultivation with the development of their civilization. It is remarkable that almost every culture has its own way of harvesting, processing and eating rice and these different traditions are, in fact, part of the world's cultural heritage. |
Rice cultivation is the principal activity and source of income for millions of households around the globe, and several countries of Asia and Africa are highly dependent on rice as a source of foreign exchange earnings and government revenue. Rice has shaped the cultures and dietary habits of its cultivators and consumers. The combination of rice and fish in Asian countries has generated the term "rice-fish societies". The combination of rice and legumes characterizes cuisines from Cajun to Mexican to Middle Eastern to Southern European. In Columbia, "rice and beans" is acclaimed as the national food. This basic dish continues to be the sustenance of the poor in many countries. |
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In the English Language Section of this chapter, students have been studying the nutritional value of rice and comparing white and brown rice. Here we want to open up the opportunity for students around the world to share what rice means to their culture.
1. Is rice a major staple of your culture? Why or why not?
2. Is health a factor in the reasons your culture eats rice?
3. Does your culture eat white and/or brown rice and why?
4. In what other forms do people in your culture consume rice?
5. The following article is written by a Western author advocating Vietnamese cuisine as healthy. If you are Vietnamese, do you agree with what this author writes? If you are not Vietnamese, compare what is being described here to your country’s diet.
6. Share rice recipes with one another.
World Flavors: Vietnam
http://www.healthnews.com/blogs/susan-brady/nutrition-diet/healthy-eating/world-flavors-vietnam-1525.html
By: Susan Brady
Published: Sunday, 3 August 2008
Southeast Asian cuisines are, for the most part, very healthy, containing fresh ingredients from vegetables to fish. While carbohydrates, in the form of noodles or rice, accompany most dishes, both are low in fat, sodium, and cholesterol, making them good choices. Unfortunately, many home cooks are unaccustomed to preparing the dishes of Thailand, Vietnam or Indonesia, and are a bit wary of doing so. But there are many easy recipes that can be quickly made, easily adapted, and don't require complicated ingredients.
Today's country of choice is Vietnam, where fresh vegetables, grilled meat and seafood, and lots of fresh herbs are mainstays, making it one of the "lighter" cuisines of the region. There is relatively little fat used to cook any dish, and the flavor is bright and palate-awakening (not necessarily in a spicy way). Fish sauce, lime juice, mint, lemongrass—are common taste-bud-pleasers and have become readily available in grocery stores across the country.
Two of the easier dishes to fix are “ph?” (a basic Vietnamese noodle soup) and “bún” (herb noodle salad), both of which can be made with a huge variety of ingredients, depending upon what is in season or available. The recipes are not intimidating and are perfect family fun, served communally, where each individual can add what they want to their own dish. It reminds me of family taco or fajita dinners, where you can set out all the goodies and people build their own.
Preparation is the key to most Asian cuisines, and Vietnamese dishes are no exception. While cooking is quick on the grill, in a wok or in boiling water, most of the time spent on preparing a meal is beforehand, in the chopping and dicing. (Many supermarkets even have vegetables already cut up for you, making your job even easier.) Today's feature recipe is a basic herb noodle salad, also known as “Bún ch?”. It can be adapted in a variety of ways, all of which are healthy and make those taste buds sit up and take notice. The preparation from start to finish takes about 30 minutes and makes a great dish for a party. (I filled up bowls with a variety of toppings, set them on a lazy susan and we spun our way to deliciousness, building a pile full of fresh layers and grilled items.)
The basis for a dish like “Bún ch?” is a noodle such as “mai fun” or a rice stick, but you could substitute an angel hair pasta or, for a really healthy option, use chopped romaine or red or green curly leaf lettuce as the first layer. Then next layer is fresh herbs (cilantro, mint, and basil), followed by cucumber and bean sprouts. This is topped off by grilled beef slices (grilled chicken, pork or shrimp would also work). Top the salad with a traditional Vietnamese dipping sauce, some fried sliced garlic and you have a mound to tuck into. Easy, fun, and tastefully healthy.
There is nothing intimidating about the recipe or the preparation. Think of it as a basic salad with grilled meat, and perfect for summertime. If you are having guests, everything can be prepped in advance, covered in plastic wrap and will be ready to serve at dinner. You can even grill the meat earlier in the day and serve it cold or at room temperate. I encourage you to try it, and I know you will be pleasantly surprised.
Bún ch?
Herb Noodle Salad
(serves 4)
½ pound mai fun or rice sticks cooked according to directions (or substitute with angel hair pasta or chopped romaine or red/green curly leaf lettuce)
1 cup each fresh mint, cilantro, and basil
1 cucumber, peeled, halved, seeded and cut into 2 inch matchsticks
1 cup fresh bean sprouts
1 lime, cut in 4 wedges
Grilled Beef (recipe below)
Dipping Sauce (recipe below)
Optional: 1/3 cup chopped peanuts, fried sliced garlic, thinly sliced green onion
1. Marinate meat according to recipe below. It's best to let this sit for a few hours in the fridge to really flavor the meat.
2. Cook noodles according to direction or chop lettuce, and place in large bowl.
3. Grill meat as directed.
3. Make the dipping sauce.
4. Prep bowls of herbs, cucumber, sprouts and lime (as well as optional ingredients).
5. Slice beef thinly and serve in bowl.
6. Head to the table and enjoy.
Grilled Beef with Lemongrass
1 ½ teaspoons sugar
1 tablespoon freshly ground pepper
2 ½ tablespoons minced garlic (3-4 large cloves)
1-2 stalks of lemongrass (outer layer peeled off and inner core minced)
3 tablespoons fish sauce (also called nam pla)
3 tablespoons olive oil
1 lb. skirt steak
Mix first 6 ingredients in bowl or Ziploc bag. Add meat, and refrigerate for as long as possible (up to 24 hours). Grill for about 3-5 minutes per side until done, but still slightly pink in the middle. Let cool for 10 minutes, slice thinly and serve
Taking It Further Explanation
Chapter 3 – Films are more than Just Entertainment
In many cultures, people have “learned” the social habit of watching a film and once the lights come on, they jump from their seats and leave the theater or auditorium! Why is this? Are we conditioned to think that films are for our “passive entertainment?” Are we conditioned to view them solely as something for my mind and eyes to absorb?
What if we practiced watching films in such a way that the “norm of behavior” was to stay seated for a bit. Then the norm might ask people to think about how everyone seated around them viewed the film. Then the norm could trigger a short but meaningful discussion about the meaning of the film.
Foreign Films, especially, anticipate that viewing audiences might follow just these steps of new behavior. And beyond imagining and dialoguing with those in the same room as you, foreign films open up the possibility of sharing across cultures. Through the IC3 learning platform, follow the links to share the thoughts from your class with other foreign learning communities that have just viewed the same film as you. Click on the Foreign Film toggle on the IC3 homepage. Instructions are provided for posting the thoughts from your own learning community. Read what other communities have posted. Then reflect on what has been learned as people across cultures shared their thoughts. Post a second time in response to these emerging themes.
This exercise takes practice! Why? The simple answer is this: we have, indeed, been conditioned across many cultures to view films as just entertainment, as something “just for me” to view and digest, and not as a medium of artful, relational, inter-cultural, and honest communication. IC3 stands for inter-cultural communicative competence. See your participation in the foreign film series as a chance to build your competence in this form of communicating. And have fun. For films, too, can be very entertaining!
Lessons and Exercises for this chapter are found in Level 1 Writing Chapter 3 in the IT Exercises and Activities for Developing Ideas Section.
These exercises draw on an article from World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Public Information Unit www.wpro.who.int/public/press_release/Press_List.asp
Read the following passages and choose the one best answer to each question.
ASIAN YOUTH TARGET OF TOBACCO ADS
The World Health Organization (WHO) has urged Asian governments to strengthen regulations against tobacco advertising and sponsorship to help prevent young people from taking up smoking.
1. According to this paragraph, the WHO believes
A. more teen-agers should smoke
B. teen-age smoking should be discouraged
C. advertising does not affect teen-age smoking
D. sponsorship and smoking are not related
2. The word “regulations” is closest in meaning to
A. advertising
B. organizations
C. popular opinions
D. set of laws
Multinational tobacco companies are among the top 10 advertisers in several Asian countries, spending billions of dollars. They target youth by sponsorship of major sports and music events, including local performances by top stars such as Madonna, Dire Straits, The Corrs and Paula Abdul.
3. A. The word “multinational” is closest in meaning to
A. domestic
B. different brands
C. more than one nation
D. music groups
4. The word “target” in the second sentence is closest in meaning to
A. aim at
B. a marker for taking levels
C. surface hit by electrons
D. small shield
Every day, 40,000 to 50,000 more teens in Asia take up smoking. Studies show those who start young often become heavy smokers and find it harder to stop. In China, studies show about two-thirds of young people (under 25 years) will take up smoking. In the Philippines, which has no laws prohibiting cigarette sales to minors, more than half of children aged seven to 17 now smoke – a 150% increase since 1987. Worldwide, about one in five young teenagers (aged 13 to 15) smoke.
At current rates, about a quarter of male youths may die from smoking in WHO's Western Pacific Region*, which covers East Asia and the Pacific. Smoking will kill a third of all young men alive today in China and one million children alive in Cambodia.
"The industry is seeking a new generation of young smokers, to 'replace' the millions who die from tobacco," said Dr Shigeru Omi, Regional Director for WHO's Western Pacific Region. Currently, smoking is the single biggest killer globally, accounting for one in three male deaths in middle age.
"We have to stop a product that eventually kills from entering our schools and sports. Children deserve to grow up in environment free from such marketing, "said Dr Harley Stanton, from WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative in the Western Pacific Region.
5. All of the following are given as reasons to discourage smoking among Asian young people EXCEPT
A. Those who start young often become heavy smokers.
B. Smoking makes you unpopular with your peers.
C. Young smokers find it very hard to quit.
D. More deaths are caused by smoking than by any other cause.
6. The work “industry” in the next to last paragraph refers to
A. stores that sell tobacco
B .hard work
C. tobacco companies
D. engineering
7. According to this passage, which one of these statements is true?
A. Teens should only smoke moderately.
B. Teen-agers should listen to the advertising and form their own conclusions.
C. Second-hand smoke is very harmful to teenagers.
D. Asian teen-agers smoke more than teen-agers from other parts of the world.
Tobacco control laws in Asia are among the weakest worldwide, with low taxes on cigarettes, poor regulations on advertising and almost no control on sponsorship. Only Singapore, Hong Kong and Thailand are exceptions to the rule.
8. According to the above paragraphs
A. Asia had strong rules about smoking.
B. Hong Kong has no control on tobacco advertising.
C. Hong Kong has more control many other Asian countries
D. Low tobacco taxes have no influence on smoking.
Some of the heaviest tobacco advertising is in Cambodia, where street advertising rose by 400% in just four years during the 1990s, and in Malaysia, where tobacco firms have accounted for 20% to 25% of total advertising in recent years. In both of these countries in the early 1990s, free cigarettes were given to youth at some events.
Smoking rates among Asian men are already around the highest worldwide. In Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Republic of Korea and Viet Nam, about two-thirds or more of men smoke. In Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia and Mongolia, roughly half of men smoke.
Among Asian women, the rates are low – less than 5% in most countries – but tobacco firms are pursuing this market. After the entry of American tobacco firms in Japan in the late 1980s, the number of Japanese women smoking doubled in a few years.
9. The statement, “Only Singapore, Hong Kong, and Thailand are exceptions to the rule” indicates
A. They have no rules.
B. They are excused from the rules.
C. They rule the area.
D. They have more rules.
10. It can be inferred that advertising
A. increased the number of smokers
B. had little effect on the number of smokers
C. advertising is expensive
D. is more effective in Asian countries than in other countries
11. Which group of people mentioned has the highest percentage of smokers?
A. Asian teen-agers
B. American men
C. British boys
D. Asian men
Comprehensive ban
Tobacco control does reduce smoking rates, as has been seen in many countries. For example, in just one decade – the 1990s – in Thailand, male smoking rates were cut from 60% to less than 40%; the government aims to halve this number in a decade.
Effective measures include:
Raising taxes on cigarettes – prices do count, as many smokers are in the lower-income group. Studies show a 10% tax increase on cigarettes worldwide could persuade 40 million smokers to quit. Taxes also raise revenue; in Singapore, tobacco taxation was the second highest revenue earner for the government in the early 1990s.
Complete advertising and sponsorship ban – a review of bans in 100 countries showed that comprehensive bans cut cigarette consumption by 8% per capita.
Education campaigns and quit programs.
Policies that help provide smoke-free environments.
While comprehensive bans are powerful, studies show that partial bans have little effect, because tobacco companies often find ways to bypass them.
In Malaysia for example, tobacco companies cannot advertise cigarettes directly. But they can use brand names, which are now all too familiar through a plethora of "products" such as the Benson and Hedges bistro, Dunhill accessories, Marlboro clothing, Kent Horizon Tours, Peter Stuyvesant Travel and Salem Cool Planet concerts. Malaysia has been dubbed the "indirect advertising capital" of the world.
"The big tobacco money can be blinding and powerful. But we have to break our addiction to it. And we're seeing it can be done," said Dr Stanton. In Australia, tobacco sponsorship was completely banned in 1996; since then, corporate support has more than doubled.
The eventual costs of tobacco are enormous. In the United States for example, the medical costs from smoking are more than $150 billion every year. The World Bank estimates global economic costs from tobacco to be at least $2 trillion annually. And this does not even include the human costs.
12. Twice the number of _______________ were smoking after American firms started selling tobacco in their country.
- Cambodian men
- Japanese women
- Indonesian boys
- Vietnamese girls
13. The author believes that advertising
- is very effective
- has little effect
- should be encouraged
- affects men more than women
14. The word “plethora” in the fourth paragraph of this section is nearest in meaning to
- shortage
- excess of blood in facial veins
- excessive number
- lack of
15. The word “addiction” in fifth paragraph above is closest in meaning to
- dependence
- interest
- adding value
- freedom from
16. The word “eventual” in the sixth paragraph above is closest in meaning to
- past
- ultimate
- promised
- positive
17. The work “enormous” in the sixth paragraph above is closest in meaning to
- X
- tiny
- unusually large
- extremely evil
18. Effective measures to reduce smoking rates, according to this article, include all of the following EXCEPT
- providing smoke-free areas
- educating the public
- banning advertising
- lowering taxes on tobacco
19. Reducing the number of smokers would have the following effect:
- decrease exports
- greatly reduce medical costs
- reduce the social standing
- increase dependence on other drugs
20. According to this article, __________________ more people in the world than any other single cause.
- smoking kills
- automobile accidents kill
- war kills
- heart attacks kill
Answer Key:
1. |
B |
6. |
C |
11. |
D |
16. |
B |
2. |
D |
7. |
D |
12. |
B |
17. |
C |
3. |
C |
8. |
C |
13. |
A |
18. |
D |
4. |
A |
9. |
D |
14. |
C |
19. |
B |
5. |
B |
10. |
A |
15. |
A |
20. |
A |
Best Answers to Guiding Question:
Lessons and Exercises for this chapter are found in Level 1 Writing Chapter 3 in the IT Exercises and Activities for Developing Ideas Section.
Guiding Question: How do people seek to stay healthy in your culture? |
Câu h?i h??ng d?n: M?i ng??i gi? s?c kho? nh? th? nào trong n?n v?n hoá c?a b?n? |
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