Level I

Chapter 10
Listening Speaking

English | Vietnamese Section

English | Vietnamese
IC3, IT, TOEFL, Best Answer
Self- and Teacher Evaluation

Topic: Globalization
Toàn cầu hoá

Guiding Question
What is the more likely effect of globalization on your community and culture:
a threat or a benefit?

Câu hỏi hướng dẫn:
Ảnh hưởng có thể của toàn cầu hóa đối với văn hóa và cộng
đồng của bạn là gì: có hại hay có lợi?

Skills:

In this chapter you will do these things:

 English Language Skills:

• Planning, Preparing and Structuring an Oral Presentation
• Preparing for the Communicative Aspect of Oral Presentation
• Oral Report Enhancements
• Oral Presentation Assessment
• Delivering an Oral Presentation to the Class

Vietnamese Language Skills:

• Preparing a Small Speech

English Language Lesson

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Introductory Motivation and Focus:

In Chapter 9, you focused on finding the subject of your oral presentation. Here, once again is the presentation assignment we began in the previous chapter:

In Chapter 9, we looked at how globalization has influenced Vietnamese art and how Eastern art has influenced art in Europe. This chapter is about globalization, and this assignment is to be presented during the study of this chapter.

Your assignment is to prepare a lecture or presentation on something that has been improved on or destroyed by global influences. You are free to select a topic from your field of study or from your own interests. The presentation in this chapter focused on art and how foreign influences have made good art. Your topic may be on agriculture, teaching methods, food preparation, fashion or music. You may want to choose your topic from literary styles, traffic rules, or architecture. The topic you choose is wide open except that you must examine how have foreign influences changed your subject in Vietnam? Or how has Vietnam changed your subject in other countries?

You will prepare a 10-minute presentation on the topic as described above of your choice. You will research the information, organize it, prepare visual aids or hand-outs, and present it to your class.

Study Skill A:

Planning, Preparing and Structuring an Oral Presentation

To avoid a rambling, stream-of-consciousness talk that goes nowhere, take the time and effort to plan your presentation, put it into an orderly shape, and learn it well enough that it can be delivered effectively.

Throughout this curriculum in Reading, Writing, and Listening Speaking, you have gained an understanding about how Western English speaker organize academic presentation. An oral report also has the same three basic parts as a written report. It is all basically the same as demonstrated in the following outline:

Title: __________________________________________________________

I. Introduction

A. Introductory statement___________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

B. Thesis statement _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

II. Body

A. First Supporting Idea: (Topic Sentence): ___________________________

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

B. Second Supporting Idea: (Topic Sentence): _________________________

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

C. Third Supporting Idea: (Topic Sentence): __________________________

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

III. Conclusion

A. Closing statement ________________________________________________

We have used this outline in the Reading chapters learning that this is basically the way academics in the West organize the essays and articles that we read. We learned to take notes from such readings using similar outlines. Likewise, we have learned in the Writing chapters that this outline is how to organize Western academic essays. We have learned to write compositions based on this structure. And we have learned to take notes from oral presentations and lectures in these Listening and Speaking chapters using the same or similar outlines. So it must come as no surprise to you that this is the basic way that Western academics would organize an oral presentation.

In this chapter, guidelines will be presented to you to help you structure your oral presentation based on this outline.

#1 Planning and Preparing for the Oral Presentation

A. Understand the requirements of the assignment. Write down how you plan to fulfill these requirements.

B. State your Subject and Research Question. Be clear about your purpose. Do you want to persuade your audience? Inform them about a topic? Or just tell an entertaining story?

C. Think about your audience. Compare the subject and research with the interests of the audience. Identify the audience characteristics and knowledge base. Keep in mind how familiar or unfamiliar your audience is about your subject. What will you need to say, do, or provide to get them to understand your point. If you were listening to a report on your subject, what would you want to know? Too much information can seem overwhelming, and too little can be confusing. Organize your outline around your key points, and focus on getting them across to this audience.

D. Narrow your presentation's topic, considering the above; to only a few main ideas. Remember, you will have 10 minutes to present.

E. Review the resources that you have available and determine what other resources you will need to complete the assignment.

#2Structuring the Oral Presentation

A. Make a rough outline of the body of your presentation using the outline. The body is the main part of your report, and will use most of your time. Make an outline of the body so that you can share information in an organized way.

Body

A. First Supporting Idea: (Topic Sentence): ___________________________

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

B. Second Supporting Idea: (Topic Sentence): _________________________

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

C. Third Supporting Idea: (Topic Sentence): __________________________

1. ______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

B. Return to your resources to enhance the parts that are missing if necessary.

C. Think about what you will need to do for your introduction. The introduction should "hook" your audience. Catch their interest with a question, a dramatic tale or a personal experience that relates to your topic. You need to grasp the attention of the audience with what you say in the introduction. It will, of course, state your research question. But it also needs to address the needs of your audience. How will you get the audience to the starting point? Perhaps a story or anecdote; sometimes a joke or a clever way to introduce the subject is a way to begin. You should also let the audience know where you will take them with this presentation.

Prepare the introduction by answering the following questions:

• What is my subject?
• How will I stimulate the interest of my audience in my subject?
• How will I present my subject and the direction I will go with this presentation?

D. Prepare the conclusion. The conclusion is the time to summarize and get across your most important point. What do you want the audience to remember? Where do you want this presentation to leave your audience? What emotions should your audience feel? Your conclusion should be stated clearly. In the case of this assignment, you should conclude by stating that foreign influence has made a bad, good or neutral impact on your subject.

E. What visual aids would enhance your presentation? A power point? Hand out? Charts? Maps? An object to pass around?

#3 The Presentation

A good way to understand why preparing adequately is important is to think about what makes a terrible presentation:

• reading the whole thing from a script, or worse, rambling off the top of the head
• mumbling through
• saying "um" a lot
• speaking too fast
• speaking without pauses
• looking down, not making eye contact
• standing in one place, holding the lectern with a death grip
• never gesturing or looking alive If you think about it, you will see that these errors are all caused by a lack of planning, preparation, and structure.

Planning your talk, rehearsing it to become familiar with it, practicing your enunciation and volume, organizing until the presentation is clear and logically structured--these steps will help prevent these terrible things from occurring.

A. Remember—enthusiasm is contagious ! If you're interested in your subject, the audience will be interested, too.

B. Communication. To communicate well, be sure that you

• speak loudly and clearly
• pause between ideas and do not speak overly fast (or too slow)
• make eye contact with the audience
• use your time well
• use visual aids
• gesture and move around some

C. Credibility . This is the issue of character (or ethos as the Greeks called it). Provide some evidence that you are worth listening to. Those who introduce speakers provide some background that builds credibility, as do biographical notes for books, which list the author's credentials. For an oral report, you have less of an opportunity to establish your credibility, but here are some things that will help:

• dress seriously so that you will be taken seriously
• provide support or authority for claims and information
• make visual aids look professional
• be accurate and exact with quotations, names, dates, and facts

D. Rehearse! Practicing your report is a key to success. At first, some people find it helpful to go through the report alone. You might practice in front of a mirror or in front of your stuffed animals. Then, try out your report in front of a practice audience-friends or family. Ask your practice audience:

• Could you follow my presentation?
• Did I seem knowledgeable about my subject?
• Was I speaking clearly? Could you hear me? Did I speak too fast or too slow?
• If you are using visual aids, such as posters or overhead transparencies, practice using them while you rehearse. Also, you might want to time yourself to see how long it actually takes. The time will probably go by faster than you expect.

E. Report!

• Stand up straight. Hold your upper body straight, but not stiff, and keep your chin up. Try not to distract your audience by shifting around or fidgeting.
• Make eye contact. You will seem sure of yourself, and the audience will listen better, if you make eye contact during your report.
• Use gestures. Your body language can help you make your points and keep the audience interested. Lean forward at key moments, and use your hands and arms for emphasis.
• Use your voice effectively. Vary your tone and speak clearly. If you're nervous, you might speak too fast. If you find yourself hurrying, take a breath and try to slow it down.

Nerves

Almost everyone is nervous when speaking before a group. Many people say public speaking is their Number 1 fear. Being well prepared is the best way to prevent nerves from getting the better of you. Also, try breathing deeply before you begin your report, and remember to breathe during the report. Being nervous isn't all bad-it can help to keep you on your toes!

(sources: http://www.factmonster.com/homework/oralreport1.html, and http://www.virtualsalt.com/oralrpt.htm)

Oral Report Enhancements The ways in which we can enhance our presentation is a rapidly changing technology. Depending on what is available in your classroom, you can create ways to illustrate or demonstrate your main points. For example, how did actually seeing the artwork in Chapter 9 enhance the lecture? What technology is available to you for such presentation? Make sure that everyone can easily see the visual aids. Don’t use visual aids that are so complex that the audience will spend its time trying to read them instead of listening to you. Visual aids are supplements to what you say, not replacements for what you say. Your oral report can be made more vital, interesting, and compelling (as well as more understandable) by using some of the following enhancements: 1.Overhead Transparencies or Power Points. Transparencies can be used to present outlines, tables, graphs, pictures, photographs, illustrations, and cartoons. 2. Handouts or Posters. If your classroom has no overhead projector for transparencies or no computer for a power point, use simple technology such as writing on a black or white board, preparing posters, or photocopying a hand-out that each member of the audience can see. If you have artistic talent, you can draw a poster. If you cannot draw, you can still paste cut-outs from magazines, use stencils, spray paint, or attach charts and graphs rather than projecting them. Remember, though, that a poorly done poster is probably worse than none at all. Some other things that can be drawn or added to a poster: Charts. Use some spreadsheet software or graphics software to create some organization charts, tables, or diagrams. Blow these up for putting on posterboard (an enlarging copier can help here, as can a photo service), or photograph these for your slide show or video presentation. Do not create charts that are too small and do not do something that looks amateurish. Graphs. Use a spreadsheet or graphics package to create some graphs. Use a color printer or hand color them after you enlarge them. A computer display would be ideal, since you can project the graphs on a screen. Drawings. Find or create some line art or other kinds of drawings of things, places, people, or ideas. There is a lot of old etching art available to illustrate your talk. Photographs. You can buy a throw-away camera with film for just a few dollars. Get prints, have enlargements made or make color copies to include in a handout. Photographs can be printed very large and hung or mounted individually, pasted on posterboard, collected in a portfolio, or used in a document or handout. 3. Sound. Add music or sounds to your presentation. You can record sound effects like traffic, bird chirps, crashing noises, narration, singing, instrumentals, or factory noise. Use a cassette recorder or portable stereo for playback. Additionally, while not as effective as a video interview, sound-only interviews can be recorded and portions played at intervals during your presentation. 4. Videos or DVDs. Show some professional, purchased video clips, tape some interesting segments from TV, or borrow a video camera and shoot some custom material. Many news magazine shows and educational programs sell tapes of their programs. Most video stores have specialty sections that carry useful program material from public broadcasting or other sources. If you film your own material, you can include interviews with people, "man on the street" surveys of opinion or reaction, or simply background shots similar to what you might do with slides: a photo of a factory making or packaging some product, or even of consumers eating, walking, reading, etc. www.how-to-study.com

Exercises and Activities for Speaking Skill A:

Prepare your Oral Presentation using all the steps outlined above. You may want to look ahead to Skill B in order to anticipate how you will be evaluated.

Lecture/Presentation:

Students will make their presentations in class.

Study Skill B:

 

Oral Presentation Assessment  Element Possible Points Earned Assessment    Self Peer  Teacher Topic The presenter stayed focused on the topic. 15   Main Idea The presentation includes an introduction that clearly states the purpose (main idea). 15   Supporting Details The presentation contains accurate information (details) that describes the main idea. 15   Organization The details are in an order that makes sense. 15   Conclusion The presentation includes a clear conclusion. 10   Speaking The presenter spoke clearly and could be hear by all. 10   Interest The presenter showed interest and enthusiasm. 10   Physical Presentation—Appearance, Pictures and Props Dressed appropriately, posture good, pictures and props were neat, well done, and clearly seen. 10    Total: 100

 

 

Exercises and Activities for Listening Study Skill B:

Present Oral Reports. Use the “Oral Presentation Assessment” to evaluate the speakers.

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